Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings operates as an independent clinical laboratory company worldwide. It offers a range of clinical laboratory tests, including blood chemistry analyses, urinalyses, blood cell counts, thyroid tests, Pap tests, HIV tests, HCV tests, microbiology cultures and procedures, and alcohol and other substance-abuse tests. The company provides clinical laboratory tests that are used by the medical profession in routine testing, patient diagnosis, and in the monitoring and treatment of diseases. It also offers specialty testing operations, such as oncology testing, HIV genotyping and phenotyping, diagnostic genetics, cardiovascular disease risk assessment, clinical trials, allergy, women's health, identity, forensics, infectious disease, and occupational testing. The company provides its services through a sales force to the physicians, hospitals, managed care organizations, governmental agencies, employers, pharmaceutical companies, and other independent clinical laboratories. It operates a national network of 50 primary laboratories and approximately 1,800 patient service centers, as well as branches and STAT laboratories. Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings has collaboration with university, hospital and academic institutions, such as Duke University, The Johns Hopkins University, the University of Minnesota, and Yale University to license and commercialize new diagnostic tests. The company was founded in 1971 and is headquartered in Burlington, North Carolina.