Vanguard International Dividend Appreciation ETF seeks to track the performance of the NASDAQ International Dividend Achievers Select Index, which focuses on high quality companies located in developed and emerging markets, excluding the United States, that have both the ability and the commitment to grow their dividends over time. The fund attempts to replicate the target index by investing all, or substantially all, of its assets in the broadly diversified collection of securities that make up the index, holding each stock in approximately the same proportion as its weighting in the index. The experience and stability of Vanguard%u2019s Equity Index Group have permitted continuous refinement of techniques for reducing tracking error. The group uses proprietary software to implement trading decisions that accommodate cash flow and maintain close correlation with the indexs key characteristics. Vanguards refined indexing process, combined with low management fees and efficient trading, has provided tight tracking, net of expenses.